九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教科书(JEFC)共收词达1060多个,词组近400条。词汇也是中考英语考查的一个重点。考查的方式主要有如下几种:单词拼写、词形转换、词语释义、词组英汉互译、单词填空等,我们将分几讲作以介绍。
近年来,全国各地中考试题中普遍采用了“单词拼写”这个题型,它要求考生根据汉语注释、所给单词的首字母或根据句意完成单词。这种题型是融词法、句法、语义、词形于一体的综合运用语言知识的主观性测试题,突出考查学生的语言运用能力。同学们除熟记单词、强化对单词拼写题的训练外,掌握其应试的解题方法和技巧也是很重要的。下面结合中考试题,谈谈单词拼写题的解题技巧。
一、考查单词的拼写能力 1.The new boy had so many strange questions that his teacher didn't u ____ him. 2.People use____ (现代的)machines to do much work. 3.There are 31days in____ (八月). (Key:1.understand 2.modern 4.August)
[点拨]这类题所考查的词一般较长,无词形变化,主要考查同学们的记忆和拼写能力。
二、考查词形变化和语法知识的运用能力 5.Nearly two weeks has____ (过去)since he went there. 6.Who is a bit____ (瘦),Lily or Lucy? 7.He sings English songs very ____ (好). 8.Can you answer the____ (第三个)question in English? 9.Two bridges were____ (建造)across the Ganjiang River a few years ago. 10.Jane liked the two beautiful dictionaries very much,but she ____ (买)neither.They were both too expensive for her. 11.It will be____ (多云的)tomorrow,won't it? 12.In autumn the ground is often covered with fallen l ____ after a strong wind. 13.Dick preferred singing to____ (跳舞). 14.The shop sells(妇女)handbags. (Key:5.passed 6.thinner 7.well 8.third 9.built 10.bought 11.cloudy 12.leaves 13.dancing 14.women's)
[点拨]这类词的考查,要求同学们根据句意、语法知识及结构,分析要用什么形式。其解题步骤为:
首先,要认真阅读全句,正确理解句意,虽然题中有可能已给出应填词的汉意,但英语与汉语并不是永远能一一对等的,因此正确理解全句有利于准确判断应填的单词。
第二,要分析应填词充当的句子成分,正确判断应填词的词性。
第三,要判断所填词应采用的正确词形。若为名词,应注意其单复数、可数还是不可数及其所有格形式;若为动词,应注意人称、数、时态、语态及非谓语动词形式;若为修饰语,应注意修饰名词或代词时用形容词,而修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句时要用副词;若为代词,注意代词的各种形式;若为形容词、副词,应注意等级变化。
三、考查近义词语的辨异与英汉语言之间的区别 15.How long may I ____ (借)thebook? 16.The boy drew a big elephant____ (用) his pencil. 17.How long will it____ (花费)you to build the new building? 18.They went ____ (穿过)the forest and reached the small village. 19.He won't do it.I won't do it, ____ (也). (Key:15.keep 16.with17.take 18.through 19.either)〖点拨〗同样意思的词有时会有多个,而到底哪个最切题意、最符合英语习惯呢?一是需要同学们平时掌握好近义词语的用法和英汉两种语言的差异;二是要从句子结构入手判断该词在句中的作用。
四、考查有关常识的掌握情况 20.S ____ 10th is Teachers' Day. 21.C ____ is spoken by the largest number of people in the world . 22.People in England use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the f ____ name. 23Canada is on the n ____ of the USA. (Key:20.September 21.Chinese 22.family 23.north)
[点拨]这类题目要求同学们不要读死书,要注意积累课外知识。
最后,还要提醒大家要正确、工整地拼写出单词。不要因为书写时字迹潦草或不规范而丢分。
下面,我们来看看一些中考真题中对该题的考查。
1. I hear you're living ________ (高兴)in the newbuilding.('97黑龙江)
该题所空之处系修饰动词living,应用副词形式happily。
2. September is the n _______ month of the year. ('97山西)
此题应填序数词ninth,注意n后不带e。
3. Jack is h _______now,because he didn't have breakfastthis morning.('97山西)
此题须根据后句"因为他今天早上未吃早饭",才可推断出Jack现在是饿了,因此应填hungry(而不填ha ppy, healthy, helpful, heavy等其它以h开头的形容词)。
4. Keep _______(传)the ball to each other, and you'llbe OK.('97黑龙江)
该题应填passing,keep后应接动词的ing形式作宾语。
5. This skirt is c _______ and the other is expensive.('97山东)
该题填cheap。后面的expensive正好与该词相对。
6.—How many m ________ are there in an hour? —There are sixty.('96陕西)
填minutes。注意要用复数形式minutes,不能用单数形式。
7. Mary h _______ of trees are planted every year in ourcity.('96黑龙江)
填hundreds。注意用复数形式,表示"大量、许多"。
8. He _______ (清洁)our classroom every morning.('96广东)
填cleans。主语是第三人称单数,一般现在时,动词用-s形式。
9. The old house is well _______ (保存).('97四川)
填kept。被动语态,该句意为"这栋老房子保存得很好。
10. Li Ming is the best student in his class. He can dohis homework without any tr _______.('96新疆)
填trouble。前半句的介绍确选出所填之词很关键。 |