例二
A month after Hurricane Katrina, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my house, reduced to waist-high ruins, smelly and dirty.
Before the trip, I’d had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate. “You from New Orleans?” she asked. I said I was. “No charge,” she said, and firmly shook her head when I reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened.
As my wife was studying in Florida, we decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage（抵押贷款） on our ruined house. We looked at many places, but none was satisfactory. We’d begun to accept that we’d have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while, when I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kennedy in California. He’d read some pieces I’d written about our sufferings for Slate, the online magazine, and wanted to give us (“no conditions attached”) a new house across the lake from New Orleans.
It sounded too good to be true, but I replied, thanking him for his exceptional generosity, that we had no plans to go back. Then a poet at the University of Florida offered to let his house to me while he went to England on his one-year paid leave. The rent was rather reasonable. I mentioned the poet’s offer to James Kennedy, and the next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months.
Throughout this painful experience, the kindness of strangers has done much to bring back my faith in humanity. It’s almost worth losing your worldly possessions to be reminded that people are really nice when given half a chance.
1. The garage employee’s attitude toward the author was that of _______.
A. unconcern B. sympathy C. doubt D. tolerance
2. What do we know about James Kennedy?
A. He was a writer of an online magazine.
B. He was a poet at the University of Florida.
C. He offered the author a new house free of charge.
D. He learned about the author’s sufferings via e-mail.
3. It can be inferred from the text that _______.
A. the author’s family was in financial difficulty
B. rents were comparatively reasonable despite the disaster
C. houses were difficult to find in the hurricane-stricken area
D. the mortgage on the ruined house was paid off by the bank
4. The author learned from his experience that _______.
A. worldly possessions can be given up when necessary
B. generosity should be encouraged in some cases
C. people benefit from their sad stories
D. human beings are kind after all
第四部分 书面表达
第一节：阅读表达
例一
An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up. If the sender wasn’t important enough to have his private number, the communication couldn’t be that important. My friend is now even more senior in the same company, so the strategy must work.
Almost every week now, there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.
. Firstly, you junk anything with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters, or from any address you don’t recognize or feel confident about.
Secondly, e-mails don’t all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there’s a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.
Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail pals who send long, chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. The charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply.
1. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.
2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. (within 10 words)
3. What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words)
4. For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1? (within 10 words)
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
例二
While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.
• Try physical activity
When you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try.
• Take care of yourself
You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and cannot sleep well enough, or if you’re not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor.
座位号
• Make time for yourself
Schedule time for both work and entertainment. Don’t forget, play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.
• Make a list of things to do
Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “there’s so much to do, and not enough time”. Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then __________________________, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the most important tasks first.
1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
You might feel stressed as a result of bad temper, poor quality of sleep or diet.
3. Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)
4. Which of the suggestions do you think is the best for you? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.)
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
第二节：写作
根据题目的提示和要求，用英语写一篇120~150个单词的短文。
题型示例 略
Ⅴ.附录
一、语音项目表
1．基本读音
（1）26个字母读音
（2）元音字母在重读音节中的读音
（3）元音字母在轻读音节中的读音
（4）元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
（5）常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音
（6）辅音字母组合的读音
（7）辅音连缀的读音
（8）成节音的读音
2．重音
（1）单词重音
（2）句子重音
3．读音的变化
（1）连读 （2）失去爆破 （3）弱读 （4）同化
4．语调与节奏
（1）意群与停顿 （2）语调 （3）节奏
5．语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用
6．朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧
7．主要英语国家的英语语音差异
二、语法项目表
1．名词
（1）可数名词及其单复数 （2）不可数名词
（3）专有名词 （4）名词所有格
2．代词
（1）人称代词 （2）物主代词
（3）反身代词 （4）指示代词
（5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词
3．数词
（1）基数词 （2）序数词
4．介词和介词短语
5．连词
6．形容词（比较级和最高级）
7．副词（比较级和最高级）
8．冠词
9．动词
（1）动词的基本形式 （2）系动词
（3）及物动词和不及物动词 （4）助动词
（5）情态动词
10．时态
（1）一般现在时 （2）一般过去时
（3）一般将来时 （4）现在进行时
（5）过去进行时 （6）过去将来时
（7）将来进行时 （8）现在完成时
（9）过去完成时 （10）现在完成进行时
11．被动语态
12．非谓语动词
（1）动词不定式 （2）动词的-ing形式 （3）动词的-ed形式
13．构词法
（1）合成法 （2）派生法
（3）转化法 （4）缩写和简写
14．句子种类
（1）陈述句 （2）疑问句
（3）祈使句 （4）感叹句
15．句子成分
（1）主语 （2）谓语 （3）表语 （4）宾语
（5）定语 （6）状语 （7）补语
16．简单句的基本句型
17．主谓一致
18．并列复合句
19．主从复合句
（1）宾语从句 （2）状语从句 （3）定语从句
（4）主语从句 （5）表语从句
20．间接引语
21、省略
22．倒装
23．强调
24．虚拟语气
三、功能意念项目表
1. 社会交往 （Social Communications）
（1）问候 （Greetings）
（2）介绍 （Introduction）
（3）告别 （Farewells）
（4）感谢 （Thanks）
（5）道歉（Apologies）
（6）邀请（Invitation）
（7）请求允许 （Asking for permission）
（8）祝贺与祝愿 （Expressing wishes and congratulations）
（9）提供帮助 （Offering help）
（10）接受或拒绝（acceptance and refusal）
（11）约会（Making appointments）
（12）打电话 （Making telephone calls）
（13）就餐 （Having meals）
（14）就医 （Seeing the doctor）
（15）购物 （Shopping）
（16）问路 （Asking the way）
（17）谈论天气 （Talking about weather）
（18）语言交际困难（Language difficulties in communication）
（19）提醒注意 （Reminding）
（20）警告和禁止（Warning and prohibition）
（21）劝告（Advice）
（22）建议（Suggestions）
2. 态度 （Attitudes）
（23）同意和不同意 （Agreement and disagreement）
（24）喜欢和不喜欢（Likes and dislikes）
（25）肯定和不肯定 （Certainty and uncertainty）
（26）可能和不可能 （Possibility and impossibility）
（27）能够和不能够 （Ability and inability）
（28）偏爱和优先选择 （Preference）
（29）意愿和打算 （Intentions and plans）
（30）希望和愿望（Hopes and wishs）
（31）表扬和鼓励（Praise and encouragement）
（32）责备和抱怨（Blame and complaint）
（33）冷淡（Indifference）
（34）判断与评价（Judgment and evaluation）
3. 情感（Emotions）
（35）高兴（Happiness）
（36）惊奇（Surprise）
（37）忧虑（Worries）
（38）安慰（Reassurance）
（39）满意（Satisfaction）
（40）遗憾（Regret）
（41）同情（Sympathy）
（42）恐惧（Fear）
（43）愤怒（Anger）
4. 时间（Time）
（44）时刻（Point of time）
（45）时段（Duration）
（46）频度（Frequency）
（47）时序（Sequence）
5. 空间（Space）
（48）位置（Position）
（49）方向（Direction）
（50）距离（Distance）
6. 存在（Existence）
（51）存在（Existence and Non-existence）
7. 特征（Features）
（52）形状（Shape）
（53）颜色（Colour）
（54）材料（Material）
（55）价格（Price）
（56）规格（Size）
（57）年龄（Age）
8. 计量（Measurement）
（58）长度（Length）
（59）宽度（Width）
（60）高度（Height）
（61）数量（Number）
9. 比较 （Comparison）
（62）同级比较（Equal comparison）
（63）差别比较（Comparative and superlative）
（64）相似和差别（Similarity and difference）
10. 逻辑关系（Logical relations）
（65）原因和结果（Cause and effect）
（66）目的（Purpose）
11. 职业 （Occupations）
（67）工作（Jobs）
（68）单位（Employer）
四、话题项目表
1. 个人情况 （Personal information）
（1）Individual data （name, age, date of birth, place of birth, telephone number, address, postal code, e-mail address, ID number, etc.）
（2）Family data （name, age, relationship, etc.）
（3）School data （school, grade, class, teacher, etc.）
（4）Data uses （filling out forms and applications, etc.）
（5）Jobs and career （office worker, worker, teacher, doctor, farmer, driver, official, etc.）
2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 （Family, friends and people around）
（1）Family and relatives （grandparents, parents, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, cousin, son, daughter, etc.）
（2）Friends （close neighbour, schoolmate, classmate, roommate, team-mate, etc.）
（3）Other people （neighbour, local shopkeeper, teacher, colleague, etc.）
3. 周围的环境（Personal environments）
（1）Kinds of homes （apartment, house, dormitory, etc.）
（2）Rooms in homes （bedroom, kitchen, living room, bathroom, etc.）
（3）Furniture & home items （table, chair, sofa, desk, bed, television, etc.）
（4）Schools （classroom, playground, hall, computer room, office, etc.）
（5）Outside （grocery store, book shop, clothing store, market, bank, library, museum, cinema, theatre, park, road, etc.）
4. 日常活动（Daily routines）
（1）Getting ready （time for school, playing, bed）
（2）Dressing, brushing teeth, washing hands and face, taking a shower, etc.
（3）Eating （breakfast, lunch, snacks and dinner）
（4）Daily chores （tidying, sweeping, doing dishes, cooking）
（5）Homework （reading, writing, studying, etc.）
（6）Family time （watching television, going out, visiting, etc.）
5. 学校生活（School life）
（1）School building （classroom, office, library, washroom, etc.）
（2）School organization （grade, class, subject, break, schedule, etc.）
（3）People （teacher, classmate, schoolmate, cleaner, etc.）
（4）Subjects （Chinese, maths, English, geography, history, etc.）
（5）Activities （sports, extra-curricular involvement, trip, etc.）
（6）Instructions （Please listen, read, get into groups, act, etc.）
（7）Educational methods （preview, review, discuss, presentation, summary）
6. 兴趣与爱好 （Interests and hobbies）
（1）Lessons （music, dance, acting, sport, etc.）
（2）Games （physical games, computer games, sports, etc.）
（3）Hobbies （collecting stamps, coins, dolls, etc.）
（4）Reading （books, newspapers, comics, etc.）
（5）Cultural events （film, theatre, concert, opera, etc.）
（6）Entertainment （listening to radio, watching TV, playing CD, DVD, etc.）
（7）Socializing （having parties, issuing invitations, going for picnics, going sightseeing, entertaining guests, etc.）
7. 个人感情 （Emotions）
（1）Describing feelings （happy, sad, angry, upset, pleased, proud, lonely, worried, nervous, afraid, etc.）
（2）Emotions （smiling, laughing, crying, shouting, etc.）
8. 人际关系 （Interpersonal relationships）
（1）People （parent, brother, sister, other family members, friend, neighbour, teacher, etc.）
（2）Social behaviours （greeting, introducing, giving thanks, asking for permission, asking for help, solving problems, dealing with conflicts, etc.）
（3）Getting together （making plans / arrangements, time, date, place, event, etc.）
9. 计划与愿望（Plans and intentions）
（1）Planning （holidays, social events, travel, further education, jobs, etc.）
（2）Organising （asking for advice, asking for help, asking for permission, exploring possibilities, expressing needs and wants, etc.）
10. 节假日活动 （Festivals, holidays and celebrations）
（1）Cultural festivals （ Spring Festivals, New Year's Day, Christmas, etc.）
（2）Religious holidays （Christmas, Easter, Ramada, etc.）
（3）Personal celebrations （birthday, anniversary, graduation, etc.）
11. 购物（Shopping）
（1）Planning （shopping list, needs, wants, etc.）
（2）Products （clothes, groceries, personal items, electronics, etc.）
（3）Selecting （quality, weights, measures, size, colour, style, etc.）
（4）Paying （price, quantity, etc.）
12. 饮食（Food and drink）
（1）Meats （beef, chicken, pork, fish, etc.）
（2）Soups （chicken, tofu, vegetable, etc.）
（3）Vegetables （cabbage, eggplant, etc.）
（4）Staple food （rice, bread, noodles, cake）
（5）Drinks （milk, water, juice, soft drink, coke, alcoholic drinks, beer, wine, etc.）
（6）Fast foods （ sandwiches, noodles, dumplings, hot dogs, hamburgers, chips, etc.）
（7）Snacks （ice cream, chips, etc.）
（8）Eating customs （ways of eating, kinds of food, times to eat, table manners, chopsticks, knife, fork, etc.）
（9）Requesting or offering different foods and drinks
（10）Likes and dislikes （favourite food, favourite drinks, etc.）
（11）Ordering food and/or drinks
13. 健康（Health）
（1）Eating habits
（2）Physical fitness and exercise
（3）Personal hygiene
（4）Illnesses （stomachache, headache, flu, cold, etc.）
（5）Medications
（6）Accidents
（7）Doctors, nurses & hospitals
（8）Describing problems （parts of the body, pains, etc.）
（9）Medical insurance
14. 天气（Weather）
（1）Describing weather （sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, hot, warm, cold, cool, etc.）
（2）Extreme weather （storms, gales, hurricanes, etc.）
（3）Dressing for the weather （ coat, hat, umbrella, raincoat, windbreaker, etc.）
15. 文娱与体育（Entertainment and sports）
（1）Movies and theatre
（2）Music and dance （folk music and dance, popular music and classical music）
（3）Team games （football, basketball, volleyball, etc.）
（4）Games of two or four （table tennis, tennis, golf, etc.）
（5）Racing （running, swimming, horse racing, etc.）
（6）International sports events （Olympic Games, World Cup, Football League, etc.）
（7）Spectators and fans
（8）Physical exercises
16. 旅游和交通（Travel and transport）
（1）Methods of transportation （walking, cycling, horse riding, taking buses, trains, boats, planes）
（2）Travel （schedules, maps, tickets, fares）
（3）Getting and asking directions （left, right, straight ahead, north, south, east, west, etc.）
（4）Safety rules and warnings （traffic lights, caution, walk, stop, etc.）
（5）Inquiring and making reservations （hotels, tourist spots, etc,）
（6）International travel （passport, visas, expenses, currency, etc.）
（7）Describing a journey
17. 语言学习（Language learning）
（1）Differences between American English and British English
（2）Language and culture
（3）Language learning difficulties
（4）Attitudes to language and communication
（5）Language learning strategies
（6）Communications repair
18. 自然 （Nature）
（1）Plants （green plants, trees, bushes, grass, vegetables, crops, flowers. etc.）
（2）Animals （farm animals, wild animals, endangered animals, pets, etc.）
（3）Heavenly bodies （The sun, the earth, the moon and stars, etc.）
（4）Describing land （cities, farms, hill, mountains, lakes, rivers, etc.）
（5）Natural disasters （Volcano，earthquake, etc.）
19. 世界和环境（The world and the environment）
（1）Countries and maps （China, Great Britain, United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Russia, India, Egypt, Cuba. etc.）
（2）Issues （pollution, land use and quality, population growth, housing, etc.）
20. 科普知识与现代技术 （Popular science and modern technology）
（1）Recent inventions, medical advances, technological advances, etc.
（2）Computer science
21. 热点话题 （Topical issues）
（1）Population
（2）Environmental conservation
（3）Crime and punishment
（4）Social differences
（5）Pollution
22. 历史和地理（History and geography）
（1）General knowledge of history and geography about China
（2）General knowledge of history and geography about the world
（3）Historic events
（4）Historical persons
23. 社会 （Society）
（1）Nationality and people
（2）Famous people （contemporary）
（3）Law （rules and regulations, traffic codes）
（4）Ways of dressing （types of clothes, daily clothes or dress, situation and dressing）
（5）Names of religions
（6）Religions and culture
（7）Customs and culture
24. 文学与艺术 （Literature and art）
（1）Forms of literature and art （play, drama, novel, essay, poetry, short story）
（2）Famous literary people and artists
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山东省2008年高考样题——英语(3)
